这次报告是第六次加拿大癌症协会关于卷烟包装健康警告的国际报告，报告分析得出：全球范围内卷烟“平装包装”（标准包装）有着巨大的发展势头，预计全球需要平装包装的国家及地区的数量将进一步增加。

New international report also shows almost 120 countries and territories now require graphic picture warnings on cigarette packages.

TORONTO,  An international report released  by the Canadian Cancer Society (CCS) shows there is tremendous momentum worldwide for tobacco plain packaging. There are now 25 countries and territories moving forward with plain packaging, with 9 having adopted the measure and 16 working on it.

The number of countries requiring plain packaging is expected to accelerate further because of the World Trade Organization (WTO) decision on June 28, 2018 that Australia's plain packaging requirements are consistent with WTO's international trade agreements.

新的国际报告显示，目前有近120个国家和地区要求对卷烟包装进行图片警示。

多伦多，加拿大癌症协会（CCS）发布的一份国际报告显示，全球范围内卷烟“平装包装”（标准包装）有着巨大的发展势头。 现在有25个国家和地区采用平装包装，其中9个国家和地区已采用了该措施，16个国家和地区正在努力制定这一措施。

由于，像澳大利亚这样的国家，其平装包装要求与世界贸易组织（WTO）于2018年6月28日决定的国际贸易协定一致，因此预计全球需要平装包装的国家及地区的数量将进一步增加。

The CCS report, Cigarette Package Health Warnings: International Status Report, documents global progress on plain packaging, ranks 206 countries and territories on the size of their health warnings on cigarette packages and lists countries and territories that require graphic picture warnings.

The report found that 118 countries and territories now require picture health warnings on cigarette packages, an increase from 100 in 2016. This represents 58% of the world's population. Canada was the first country to require picture health warnings in 2001.

"There is an unstoppable worldwide trend for countries to use graphic pictures on cigarette packages to show the deadly health effects of smoking and to require plain packaging," says Rob Cunningham, senior policy analyst, Canadian Cancer Society. "Australia was the first country to implement plain packaging in 2012 and now the dominoes are falling."

CCS的一份报告——《卷烟包装健康警告：国际状况报告》，记录了平装包装的全球进展，根据卷烟包装上的健康图形警示面积所占比例的大小，对206个国家和地区进行了排名，并列出了需要图片警示的国家和地区。

该报告发现，目前有118个国家和地区需要对卷烟包装进行图片健康警示，比2016年多增加了100个，约涵盖了世界人口的58％。 加拿大是第一个在2001年要求提供图片健康警示的国家。

加拿大癌症协会高级政策分析师Rob Cunningham说：“在卷烟包装上使用警示图形来显示吸烟对健康造成的致命影响，并要求采用平装包装。这是一种不可阻挡的全球趋势。在2012年，澳大利亚是第一个实施平装包装的国家，如今这种平装包装的使用趋势，犹如倾倒而下的多米诺骨牌一般迅速。”

Guidelines under the international tobacco treaty, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), recommend that countries consider implementing plain packaging. Plain packaging includes health warnings on packages and prohibits tobacco company branding such as colours, logos and design elements. It also requires the brand name to be a standard font size, style and location on the package and the brand portion of each package to be the same colour such as an unattractive brown. Finally, the package format is standardized. Plain packaging regulations put an end to packaging being used for product promotion, increases the effectiveness of package warnings, curbs package deception and decreases tobacco use.

Plain packaging has been implemented in Australia (2012), France (2016), the United Kingdom (2016), Norway (2017), Ireland (2017), New Zealand (2018) and Hungary (2018). It will be implemented in Uruguay (2019) and Slovenia (2020) and is in process or under consideration in Canada, Belgium, Thailand, Georgia, Singapore, Nepal, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Romania, Jersey, Guernsey, Taiwan, Chile, Finland, Turkey and Saudi Arabia.

Cigarette package warnings are a highly cost-effective way to increase awareness of the negative health effects of smoking and to reduce tobacco use. Picture-based warnings convey a more powerful message than a text-only warning and the effectiveness of warnings is known to increase with size.

Guidelines under the FCTC recommend that warnings should:

• be as large as is achievable;

• include a rotated series of graphic pictures;

• be at the top of both the front and back of packages.

世卫组织的《烟草控制框架公约（FCTC）》”规定的国际烟草条约准则建议各国考虑采用平装包装。平装包装包括：健康警示（标语、图形）和禁止烟草公司品牌出现，如颜色、标志和设计元素。还要求品牌名称使用平装包装上的标准字体大小、样式和位置，每个包装的品牌部分必须是相同的颜色，比如令人反感的棕色。最终，形成标准化的平装形式。平装条例禁止使用包装进行产品促销，提高包装警示效果，遏制包装欺骗，减少烟草使用。

平装包装已经在澳大利亚（2012年）、法国（2016年）、英国（2016年）、挪威（2017年）、爱尔兰（2017年）、新西兰（2018年）和匈牙利（2018年）实施。该计划将在乌拉圭（2019年）和斯洛文尼亚（2020年）实施，在加拿大、比利时、泰国、格鲁吉亚、新加坡、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡、南非、罗马尼亚、泽西岛、根西岛、台湾（中国）、智利、芬兰、土耳其和沙特阿拉伯等国和地区正在实施或考虑实施，

卷烟包装警示可以提高人们对吸烟有害健康的认识和减少吸烟，这是一种高成本效益的方式。基于图片的警告，所传递的信息比纯文本警告更有力，而且警告的有效性随着图片面积增加而增加。

《烟草控制框架公约》的准则建议警示应:

• 图形面积尽可能大;

• 包括一系列全面覆盖的图片;

• 分别在包装的正、反面的顶部出现。

   

Picture warnings are especially valuable for low- and middle-income countries where there are higher rates of illiteracy and where governments may have few resources. Health departments determine the content of warnings and the tobacco industry is responsible for printing the warnings on packages. Examples of graphic picture warnings include a diseased lung or mouth, a patient with lung cancer in a hospital bed and a child being exposed to second-hand smoke.

"It is extremely positive for global public health that almost 120 countries and territories have implemented picture health warnings and that so many are moving toward plain packaging," says Cunningham. "The international momentum poses a threat to tobacco industry sales worldwide and will save lives lost to cancer and other tobacco-related diseases."

In total 107 countries and territories have required warnings to cover at least 50% of the package front and back (on average), up from 94 in 2016 and 24 in 2008. There are now 55 countries and territories with a size of at least 65% (on average) of the package front and back. The top countries ranked by warning size as an average of the front and back of the package are:

1.  92.5% East Timor (Timor-Leste) (85% of front, 100% of back)
2.  90% Nepal (90%, 90%)
2.  90% Vanuatu (90%, 90%) 
4.  87.5% New Zealand (75%, 100%)
5.  85% Hong Kong (S.A.R., China) (85%, 85%)
5.  85% India (85%, 85%)
5.  85% Thailand (85%, 85%)
8.  82.5% Australia (75%, 90%)
9.  80% Sri Lanka (80%, 80%)
9.  80% Uruguay (80%, 80%)

In the 2016 report, Nepal and Vanuatu were top ranked at 90%.

图片警示对于低收入和中等收入国家显得尤为有价值，因为这些国家文盲率较高，政府可能缺乏资源。图片警示应由国家的卫生部门确定警示的内容，烟草行业负责在包装上印制警告。图片警示的示例内容包括：患病的肺部或口腔、医院病床上的肺癌患者和暴露于二手烟雾中的儿童等。

Cunningham 说：“将近120个国家和地区已经实施了图形健康警示，这么多国家正在向平装包装迈进，这对全球公共卫生的发展是极其积极的促进。”这种势头即便对全球烟草业的销售量造成很大威慑，但将挽救更多因癌症和其他烟草相关的疾病而丧生的人们。”

共有107个国家和地区需要烟包图形警告，用以覆盖至少50%的包装正面和背面（平均值），高于2016年的94个和2008年的24个。现在有55个国家和地区，其烟包图形警示面积，至少占正面和反面（平均面积）的65 %。按警示面积的平均值排序后，排前几位的国家是：

1、92.5%东帝汶（Timor Leste）（前85%，后100%）

2、90%尼泊尔（90%，90%）

2、90%瓦努阿图（90%，90%）

4、87.5%新西兰（75%，100%）

5、85%香港（香港特别行政区，中国）（85%，85%）

5、85%印度（85%，85%）

5、85%泰国（85%，85%）

8、82.5%澳大利亚（75%，90%）

9、80%斯里兰卡（80%，80%）

9、80%乌拉圭（80%，80%）

在2016份报告中，尼泊尔和瓦努阿图以90%的面积同居榜首。

The report was released  in Geneva, Switzerland, at the 8th session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) being held October 1-6. The report supports the implementation of the FCTC. The FCTC has an obligation for parties to require health warnings that "should be 50% or more of the principal display areas but shall be no less than 30% of the display areas" and may be in the form of, or include, picture warnings. There are now 181 countries that are parties to the FCTC.

This is the 6th Canadian Cancer Society international report on cigarette package health warnings. Previous reports were published in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016.

该报告于10月1日至6日在瑞士日内瓦举行的世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约(FCTC)缔约方第八届会议上公布。该报告内容支持FCTC的实施准则。《烟草控制框架公约》规定缔约方有义务要求健康警示，“其中图片警告的形式，面积最好应该占主显示区域的50％以上，但不得少于显示区域的30％”，或者只包括图片警告。现在有181个国家是FCTC的缔约国。

这次报告是第六次加拿大癌症协会关于卷烟包装健康警告的国际报告。以前的报告分别发表在2008, 2010, 2012、2014和2016。