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| 01. | The lower effectiveness of text-only health warnings in China compared to pictorial warnings in Malaysia: findings from the ITC project. |
| Elton-Marshall T, Xu SS, Meng G, Quah AC, Sansone GC, Feng G, Jiang Y, Driezen P, Omar M, Awang R, Fong GT. | |
| Tob Control. 2015 Sep 29. pii: tobaccocontrol-2015-052616. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052616. [Epub ahead of print] | |
PMID: 26420242 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]AbstractBACKGROUND:In 2009, China changed its health warnings on cigarette packs from side-only text warnings to two text-only warnings on 30% of the bottom of the front and back of the pack. Also in 2009, Malaysia changed from similar text warnings to pictorial health warnings consistent with Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 11 Guidelines.OBJECTIVE:To measure the impact of the change in health warnings in China and to compare the text-only health warnings to the impact of the pictorial warnings introduced in Malaysia.METHODS:We measured changes in key indicators of warning effectiveness among a longitudinal cohort sample of smokers from Waves 1 to 3 (2006-2009) of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey and from Waves 3 to 4 (2008-2009) of the ITC Malaysia Survey. Each cohort consisted of representative samples of adult (≥18 years) smokers from six cities in China (n=6575) and from a national sample in Malaysia (n=2883). Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to examine the impact of the health warnings on subsequent changes in salience of warnings, cognitive and behavioural outcomes.FINDINGS:Compared to Malaysia, the weak text-only warning labels in China led to a significant change in only two of six key indicators of health warning effectiveness: forgoing cigarettes and reading the warning labels. The change to pictorial warnings in Malaysia led to significant and substantial increases in five of six indicators (noticing, reading, forgoing, avoiding, thinking about quitting).CONCLUSIONS:The delay in implementing pictorial warnings in China constitutes a lost opportunity for increasing knowledge and awareness of the harms of cigarettes, and for motivating smokers to quit.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. KEYWORDS:Global health; Low/Middle income country; Packaging and Labelling |
| 02. | An evaluation study of a gender-specific smoking cessation program to help Hong Kong Chinese women quit smoking. |
| Li HC, Chan SS, Wan ZS, Wang MP, Lam TH. | |
| BMC Public Health. 2015 Sep 29;15(1):986. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2326-9. | |
| PMID: 26419859 [PubMed - in process] |
| 03. | Helping smokers quit: behaviours and attitudes of Chinese Registered Nurses. |
| Sarna L, Bialous SA, Zou XN, Wang W, Hong J, Chan S, Wells MJ, Brook J. | |
| J Adv Nurs. 2015 Sep 28. doi: 10.1111/jan.12811. [Epub ahead of print] | |
| PMID: 26411961 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
Similar articles
AbstractAIMS:To describe the self-reported frequency of Chinese nurses' interventions to help smokers quit, using the 5 As (i.e. Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), attitudes towards tobacco control and differences in consistency interventions by demographic and professional characteristics prior to an educational intervention to increase nurses' support for quit efforts.BACKGROUND:Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in China; quitting smoking reduces health risks and premature death. The China Tobacco Cessation Treatment Guideline supports the 5 As model for intervention, but nurses' frequency of delivering smoking cessation interventions is unknown.DESIGN:Descriptive survey using a convenience sample.METHODS:Nurses from eight hospitals in Beijing and Hefei, China completed a web-based survey in 2012. Differences in consistency of the 5 As by nurse characteristics were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Overall importance of nurses in tobacco control was evaluated on a 1-5 scale (5 = most important).RESULTS:Nurses (N = 2440; 1404 Beijing, 1036 Hefei) participated. 64% consistently asked about smoking status, 85% advised patients to quit, 52% assessed readiness to quit and assisted with smoking cessation and 17% arranged for follow-up. Interventions varied by nurses' education and clinical setting. Nurses positively viewed involvement in tobacco control (4·3/5) and thought nurses should be smoke-free role models (4·8/5·0).CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the majority of nurses asked about smoking status, but few assisted patients with quitting. Further efforts are needed to help nurses actively promote smoking cessation interventions.© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
| 04. | Evaluation of smoke-free policies in seven cities in China: longitudinal findings from the ITC China Project (2007-2012). |
| Fong GT, Sansone G, Yan M, Craig L, Quah AC, Jiang Y. | |
| Tob Control. 2015 Sep 25. pii: tobaccocontrol-2015-052508. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052508. [Epub ahead of print] | |
| PMID: 26407720 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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Evaluation of smoke-free policies in seven cities in China: longitudinal findings from the ITC China Project (2007-2012).Fong GT1, Sansone G2, Yan M2, Craig L2, Quah AC2, Jiang Y3.Author informationAbstractBACKGROUND:China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco, with hundreds of millions of people exposed daily to secondhand smoke (SHS). Comprehensive smoke-free policies are the only effective way to protect the population from the harms of SHS. China does not have a comprehensive national smoke-free law but some local-level regulations have been implemented.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate local level smoke-free regulations across 7 cities in China by measuring the prevalence of smoking in public places (workplaces, restaurants and bars), and support for smoke-free policies over time.METHODS:Data were from waves 2 to 4 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey (2007-2012), a face-to-face cohort survey of approximately 800 smokers in each of 7 cities in mainland China. Multivariate logistic regression models estimated with generalised estimating equations were used to test the changes in variables over time.RESULTS:As of 2012, over three-quarters of respondents were exposed to smoking in bars; more than two-thirds were exposed to smoking in restaurants and more than half were exposed to smoking in indoor workplaces. Small decreases in the prevalence of smoking were found overall from waves 2 to 4 for indoor workplaces, restaurants and bars, although the decline was minimal for bars. Support for complete smoking bans increased over time for each venue, although it was lowest for bars.CONCLUSIONS:Existing partial smoking bans across China have had minimal impact on reducing smoking in public places. A strongly enforced, comprehensive national smoke-free law is urgently needed in order to achieve greater public health gains.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. |
| 05. | Are Informing Knowledge and Supportive Attitude Enough for Tobacco Control? A Latent Class Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Patterns among Medical Teachers in China. |
| Niu L, Luo D, Silenzio VM, Xiao S, Tian Y. | |
| Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Sep 25;12(10):12030-42. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121012030. | |
| PMID: 26404331 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Similar articles Niu L1,2, Luo D3,4, Silenzio VM2, Xiao S5, Tian Y6. Author informationAbstractBACKGROUND:This study is one part of a five-year tobacco-control project in China, which aimed to gain insight into the smoking behavior, knowledge, and attitudes among medical teachers in China.METHODS:In May 2010, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical teachers of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, China.RESULTS:A total number of 682 medical teachers completed the surveys. Latent class analysis indicated the sample of smoking patterns was best represented by three latent subgroups of smoking consumption severity levels. Most respondents were informed of smoking related knowledge, but lack of knowledge on smoking cessation. Most of them held a supportive attitude towards their responsibilities among tobacco control, as well as the social significance of smoking. However, both smoking related knowledge and attitude were not correlated with severity of smoking consumption among medical teachers.CONCLUSION:The smoking prevalence among medical teachers in China remains high. Programs on smoking cessation training are required. Future study should also develop targeted interventions for subgroups of smokers based on smoking consumption. Persistent and effective anti-tobacco efforts are needed to achieve the goals of creating smoke-free campuses and hospitals. |
| 06. | A smoking cessation intervention among tuberculosis patients in rural China. |
| Lin Y, Wang LX, Qiu LX, Huang Q, Shu Q, Lin HX, Meng X, Zeng XL, Xiao LX, Bam TS, Chiang CY. | |
| Public Health Action. 2015 Sep 21;5(3):183-7. doi: 10.5588/pha.15.0025. | |
| PMID: 26399289 [PubMed] | |
| Similar articles |
| 07. | Electronic cigarette awareness and use among adults in Hong Kong. |
| Jiang N, Chen J, Wang MP, McGhee SM, Kwong AC, Lai VW, Lam TH. | |
| Addict Behav. 2015 Aug 29;52:34-38. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.08.008. [Epub ahead of print] | |
| PMID: 26348280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
Similar articles
AbstractINTRODUCTION:Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity rapidly in the Western world but data in the East are scarce. We examined the awareness and ever use of e-cigarettes, and reasons for e-cigarette use in a probability sample of adults in Hong Kong.METHODS:Cross-sectional data were collected in 2014 from Chinese adults aged 15-65 in Hong Kong (819 never smokers, 800 former smokers, 800 current smokers) via computer-assisted telephone interviews (response rate: 73.8%). Analysis was limited to a subset of 809 respondents (i.e., 357 never smokers, 269 former smokers, 183 current smokers) who were randomly selected to answer questions on e-cigarettes. Chi-square analyses compared e-cigarette awareness and ever use by gender, age, education, and cigarette smoking status. Multivariable logistic regression examined if e-cigarette awareness was associated with demographic variables and cigarette smoking status.RESULTS:75.4% of adults had heard of e-cigarettes, and 2.3% reported having used e-cigarettes. Greater awareness was associated with male gender and higher education. Ever use of e-cigarettes was higher among males (3.6%, p=.03), younger adults (aged 15-29, 5.2%, p=.002), and current cigarette smokers (11.8%, p<.001). Common reasons for using e-cigarettes were curiosity (47.4%), the stylish product design (25.8%), and quitting smoking (13.6%).CONCLUSIONS:Awareness of e-cigarettes was widespread in Hong Kong. Although the use of e-cigarettes was low, its relation with younger age and current smoking is of concern. Health surveillance of e-cigarette use is needed. Interventions should target young adults and cigarette smokers, and address the marketing messages, especially the effect of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| 08. | Predictors for Smoking Cessation with Acupuncture in a Hong Kong Population. |
| Liu Z, Yang JS, Wu Y, Zhang O, Chen M, Huang LL, He XQ, Wu GY, Wang YY. | |
| Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:189694. doi: 10.1155/2015/189694. Epub 2015 Aug 11. | |
| PMID: 26347786 [PubMed] | |
| Similar articles Abstract Background. Observational studies of smoking cessation with acupuncture have been reported widely; however, few researchers have focused on its predictors. Objective. This paper attempts to explore the predictors for smoking cessation with acupuncture in a Hong Kong population, aiming to provide references for clinical treatment in the future. Methods. We performed a secondary analysis of data from our observational study "Acupuncture for Smoking Cessation (2011-2014)" in Hong Kong. A total of 23 indexes were selected as possible predictors, and study participants with complete information of 23 indexes were included. By taking 8-week and 52-week smoking cessation results as dependent variables, binary logistic regression method was used to identify the predictors. Additionally, based on an M5P decision-tree algorithm, an equation of "successful rate of smoking cessation with acupuncture" was calculated. Results. (1) 2,051 study participants were included in total. (2) According to the results of binary logistic regression, variables including treatment location, total number of acupuncture sessions received, and whether the study participants received at least 6 sessions of acupuncture were taken as the short-term predictors; gender, treatment location, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and total number of acupuncture sessions received were taken as the long-term predictors. (3) According to study participants' FTND, treatment location, and number of cigarettes smoked/day, the equation of "successful rate of smoking cessation with acupuncture" was established. Conclusion. Receiving sufficient and qualified acupuncture is the leading factor for short-term smoking cessation with acupuncture, whereas individual factors and smoking background play a more important role in long-term smoking cessation with acupuncture. |
| 09. | Evaluation of anti-smoking television advertising on tobacco control among urban community population in Chongqing, China. |
| Xu X, Gong T, Zhang Y, Wu C, Xie YJ, Wang HH, Zhu R, Li W, An L, Zhao Y. | |
| Tob Induc Dis. 2015 Sep 4;13(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12971-015-0057-4. eCollection 2015. | |
| PMID: 26339225 [PubMed] | |
| Similar articles Abstract BACKGROUND: China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world. Considering the constantly growing urban proportion, persuasive tobacco control measures are important in urban communities. Television, as one of the most pervasive mass media, can be used for this purpose. METHODS: The anti-smoking advertisement was carried out in five different time slots per day from 15 May to 15 June in 2011 across 12 channels of Chongqing TV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the main municipal areas of Chongqing. A questionnaire was administered in late June to 1,342 native residents aged 18-45, who were selected via street intercept survey. RESULTS: Respondents who recognized the advertisement (32.77 %) were more likely to know or believe that smoking cigarettes caused impotence than those who did not recognize the advertisement (26.11 %). According to 25.5 % of smokers, the anti-smoking TV advertising made them consider quitting smoking. However, females (51.7 %) were less likely to be affected by the advertisement to stop and think about quitting smoking compared to males (65.6 %) (OR = 0.517, 95 % CI [0.281-0.950]). In addition, respondents aged 26-35 years (67.4 %) were more likely to try to persuade others to quit smoking than those aged 18-25 years (36.3 %) (OR = 0.457, 95 % CI [0.215-0.974]). Furthermore, non-smokers (87.4 %) were more likely to find the advertisement relevant than smokers (74.8 %) (OR = 2.34, 95 % CI [1.19-4.61]). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that this advertisement did not show significant differences on smoking-related knowledge and attitude between non-smokers who had seen the ad and those who had not. Thus, this form may not be the right tool to facilitate change in non-smokers. The ad should instead be focused on the smoking population. Gender, smoking status, and age influenced the effect of anti-smoking TV advertising on the general population in China. |
| 10. | Increased lung cancer mortality rates in the Chinese population from 1973-1975 to 2004-2005: An adverse health effect from exposure to smoking. |
| Zhi XY, Zou XN, Hu M, Jiang Y, Jia MM, Yang GH. | |
| Cancer. 2015 Sep 1;121 Suppl 17:3107-12. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29603. | |
| PMID: 26331817 [PubMed - in process] | |
Similar articles
AbstractBACKGROUND:Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased substantially in China despite improvements in clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches as well as significant advances in the implementation of tobacco-control policies in recent decades.METHODS:Age-standardized mortality rates and age-specific rates of lung cancer in China were estimated for the periods 1973 to 1975, 1990 to 1992, and 2004 to 2005 using data from 3 National Death Surveys. Among patients with lung cancer who were identified from a hospital-based information system, the percentages of ever-smokers were analyzed according to histologic and demographic variables.RESULTS:Age-standardized mortality from lung cancer in China dramatically increased from 7.30 per 100,000 during 1973 through 1975 to 27.62 per 100,000 during 2004 through 2005. Increases in lung cancer age-standardized mortality were consistent among men and women in urban and rural populations. Among men ages 75 to 79 years, lung cancer mortality increased remarkably to 453.67 per 100,000 in 2004 and 2005 (from 246.78 per 100,000 during 1990-1992 and from 53.65 per 100,000 during 1973-1975). Among 6674 patients with lung cancer who were identified from 2003 to 2007 from a hospital-based database, 82.97% of men were ever-smokers (73.35% of men with adenocarcinoma 腺癌and 91.8% of men with squamous cell carcinoma鳞状上皮细胞癌), and 11.18% of women were ever-smokers (6% of women with adenosquamous carcinoma腺鳞癌 and 39.02% of women with squamous cell carcinoma). Differences in the numbers of ever-smokers were observed between age groups but not according to the year of diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS:The consistent and rapid increases in lung cancer mortality rates observed in the Chinese population and the high prevalence of exposure to smoking in China prompt a strong call for the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco-control policy and specific public health educational strategies. Cancer 2015;121:3107-12. © 2015 American Cancer Society.© 2015 American Cancer Society. |
| 11. | Emerging tobacco-related cancer risks in China: A nationwide, prospective study of 0.5 million adults. |
| Chen ZM, Peto R, Iona A, Guo Y, Chen YP, Bian Z, Yang L, Zhang WY, Lu F, Chen JS, Collins R, Li LM; China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. | |
| Cancer. 2015 Sep 1;121 Suppl 17:3097-106. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29560. | |
| PMID: 26331816 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Similar articles Abstract BACKGROUND: In China, cigarette consumption has increased substantially since the 1980s, almost exclusively in men. This study was aimed at assessing the emerging cancer risks. METHODS: A nationwide, prospective study前瞻研究 recruited 210,259 men and 302,632 women aged 30 to 79 years from 10 areas of China from 2004 to 2008; approximately 18,000 incident cancers were recorded during 7 years of follow-up. Cox regression yielded adjusted risk ratios (RRs) comparing smokers (including those who had stopped because of illness but not those who had stopped by choice) with never-smokers. RESULTS: Among men, 68% were smokers; their overall cancer risk was significantly increased (RR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-1.53), and it was greater in urban (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41-1.70) than in rural areas (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30-1.49). This excess accounted for 23% of all cancers between the ages of 40 and 79 years, with significantly elevated risks of lung cancer (RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.18-2.90), liver cancer (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54), stomach cancer (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.16-1.55), esophageal cancer食管癌 (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.24-1.73), and an aggregate of 5 other minor sites (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.25-1.86). For lung cancer, the RRs were much greater for nonadenocarcinoma (RR, 5.83; 95% CI, 5.02-6.77) than for adenocarcinoma (RR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.36-2.34). Among exsmokers (6.7%) who had stopped by choice, there was little excess cancer risk approximately 15 years after quitting. Among the few female smokers (3%), the overall cancer risk was also significantly increased (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28-1.57). Smoking was estimated to cause approximately 435,000 new cancers per year in China (approximately 360,000 in men and approximately 75,000 in women). CONCLUSIONS: In China, smoking now causes a quarter of all adult male cancers. High male uptake rates before the age of 20 years and nearly universal use of cigarettes foreshadow substantial tobacco-attributed risks in China unless there is widespread cessation. Cancer 2015;121:3097-106. © 2015 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. © 2015 American Cancer Society. |
| 12. | Prevention and management of lung cancer in China. |
| Hong QY, Wu GM, Qian GS, Hu CP, Zhou JY, Chen LA, Li WM, Li SY, Wang K, Wang Q, Zhang XJ, Li J, Gong X, Bai CX; Lung Cancer Group of the Chinese Thoracic Society; Chinese Alliance Against Lung Cancer. | |
| Cancer. 2015 Sep 1;121 Suppl 17:3080-8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29584. | |
| PMID: 26331814 [PubMed - in process] | |
Similar articles
AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In China, the incidence of lung cancer has grown rapidly, resulting in a large social and economic burden. Several researchers have devoted their studies to lung cancer and have demonstrated that there are many risk factors for lung cancer in China, including tobacco use, environmental pollution, food, genetics, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the lung cancer incidence is still growing rapidly in China, and there is an even higher incidence among the younger generation. One explanation may be the triple-neglect situation, in which medical policies that neglect prevention, diagnosis, and supportive care have increased patients' mortality and reduced their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the efficiency of prevention and early diagnosis not only by focusing more attention on treatment but also by drawing more attention to supportive care for patients with lung cancer. Cancer 2015;121:3080-8. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
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| 13. | Implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in China: An arduous and long-term task. |
| Xiao D, Bai CX, Chen ZM, Wang C. | |
| Cancer. 2015 Sep 1;121 Suppl 17:3061-8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29608. | |
| PMID: 26331812 [PubMed - in process] | |
Similar articles
AbstractChina is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world. Consequently, the burden of tobacco-related diseases in China is enormous. Implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) may lead to a significant reduction in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality both in China and globally. In this review, the authors summarize the epidemic of tobacco use and the progress made in implementing the WHO FCTC, including the promotion of legislation for smoke-free public places; smoking-cessation assistance; labeling of tobacco packaging; enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; increased taxes on tobacco products; increased tobacco prices; improvements in public awareness of the dangers of smoking; and identifying the barriers to implementing effective tobacco-control measures in China. Since the WHO FCTC officially took effect in China on January 9, 2006, China has taken some important steps, especially in promoting legislation for smoke-free public places. Because tobacco permeates the fabric of society, business, commerce, and politics in China, commitments and actions from the government are crucial, and implementing the WHO FCTC in China will be an arduous and long-term task.Cancer 2015;121:3061-8. © 2015 American Cancer Society. © 2015 American Cancer Society. |
| 14. | Tobacco and China: The worst is yet to come. |
| Paskett ED, Bernardo BM, Khuri FR. | |
| Cancer. 2015 Sep 1;121 Suppl 17:3052-4. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29600. No abstract available. | |
| PMID: 26331809 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Similar articles (none) |
| 15. | [Survey of smoking behaviors among male smokers in two districts of Chengdu]. |
| Zhang X, He C, Li Q, Lu B, He H, Zeng C, Zhao G, Luan R. | |
| Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015 May;36(5):430-3. Chinese. | |
| PMID: 26080628 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
Similar articles
AbstractOBJECTIVE:To understand the smoking behaviors and its influencing factors among male smokers in two districts in Chengdu.METHODS:A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among 320 male smokers in Chengdu. And the data were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method, t test, χ2 test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wails H rank sum test and cumulative odds logistic regression model.RESULTS:More cigarette smoking (t=2.327, P=0.021) and using cigarette with lower tar level (t=-11.251, P<0.001) after changing the brand of cigarette were found among the males surveyed. The cumulative odds logistic regression analysis showed that males with lower education level (OR=1.968, P=0.040), with higher income level (OR=2.053, P=0.043), leaving shorter butts (OR=2.366, P=0.010) and with high nicotine dependence (OR=7.143, P<0.001) had more cigarette smoking.CONCLUSION:Smokers who changed the brand of cigarette were more likely to choose low tar cigarette. Smokers with low education level, high income level and high nicotine dependence are the target population for health education and behavior intervention in smoking control. |
| 16. | Georgia State University to expand China's tobacco control efforts. |
| Printz C. | |
| Cancer. 2015 Jun 15;121(12):1913. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29478. No abstract available. | |
| PMID: 26042852 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
| Similar articles （none） |
| 17. | [Exposure to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs among Chinese middle school students: a cross-sectional survey]. |
| Xiao L, Yang J, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Chen X. | |
| Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015 Apr;36(4):309-13. Chinese. | |
| PMID: 25975539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
Similar articles
AbstractOBJECTIVE:To exam the exposure status to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs in Chinese middle school students.METHODS:Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select participated grade 7-9 middle school students in 31 provinces (n = 155 117). A self-administrated questionnaire was used in which questions related to behavior on tobacco use, exposure to second-hand smoking (SHS), access to tobacco products and prices, tobacco control advocacy, exposure to tobacco advertisement, and promotion as well as attitude and knowledge towards tobacco, etc. Data was weighted and analyzed, using the complex survey module of SAS 9.3 software.RESULTS:In the past 30 days, 48.5% of the students had a chance to see advertisement or promotion programs on tobacco. Tobacco advertisement or promotion were most frequently seen on TV (21.3%) among students, followed by outdoor billboard (20.1%), at the stands for sale (17.5%), and Internet (15.6%). In addition, 4.6% of the students reported having kept the items related to brand logos of tobacco products; 2.0% reported having been offered a free tobacco product by tobacco company representatives; 69.7% reported having seen scenes related to smoking on TV/videos/movie screens. Twenty five point two percent of the student smokers reported buying individual sticks at last purchase. Among those students who had never been exposed to tobacco, the ones who had been exposed to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs reported that they were more likely to feel smoking attractive than those who had not. They also reported that if a cigarette was offered by friends, they might try to smoke within the next 12 months, feeling that smoking would make him/her comfortable, and finally to feel that they might enjoy smoking (P < 0.000 1).CONCLUSION:Adolescents had been heavily exposed to tobacco advertisement and promotion programs in China. Students who had been exposed to tobacco advertisement or promotions were more likely to express positive attitude to tobacco use. It is urgent to make amendments to China's Advertising Law to completely prohibit tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship programs, to keep the young people away from tobacco. |
| 18. | Perceived benefits of smoke-free homes, the process of establishing them, and enforcement challenges in Shanghai, China: a qualitative study. |
| Berg CJ, Zheng P, Kegler MC. | |
| BMC Public Health. 2015 Feb 6;15:89. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1428-8. | |
| PMID: 25880155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article | |
Similar articles
AbstractBACKGROUND:We examined reasons for establishing smoke-free home policies, interpersonal processes by which they are established, and challenges in enforcing them in Shanghai, China.METHODS:In 2013, we conducted 30 in-person semi-structured interviews among 13 male smokers and 17 female nonsmokers recruited from urban and a suburban communities in Shanghai.RESULTS:Reasons for adopting a smoke-free home included family's health, being a role model for children, cleaner environment, and potential impact on smoking behavior. Wives were credited with initiating discussion regarding the implementation of a smoke-free home most often and were reported to have decision-making authority. Some households had not discussed such a rule. Common responses to asking to establish a smoke-free home among husbands were agreeing not to smoke at home or in front of family members, ignoring the request, temporarily acquiescing, insisting on smoking in the home anyway, and devaluing the benefits of smoke-free homes. Challenges to enforcement included weather, social situations, the smoker being home alone, ineffective harm reduction behaviors such as smoking near windows, and addiction were challenges in enforcement.CONCLUSIONS:Specific factors (e.g. family's health) could be highlighted to assist women, men, and children in adopting and enforcing smoke-free home policies. |
| 19. | [A investigation of thirdhand smoke pollution in 3 types of places of Nanjing, 2014]. 2014年南京市三种场所内三手烟污染状况调查 |
| Zhang S, Qiao S, Chen M, Xia Y, Hang B, Cheng S. |
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| Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2015 Jan;49(1):31-5. Chinese. | |
| PMID: 25876492 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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AbstractOBJECTIVE:To investigate thirdhand smoke (THS) pollution in certain places of Nanjing, as well as to analyze its distribution characteristics.目标：调查南京市部分场所内的三手烟污染状况，并分析其分布特性。 METHODS:From March to May, 2014, we selected 3 types of places (residencies, public places and transportation vehicles) that were close to people's living in Jianye,Yuhua,Jiangning,Xuanwu,Gulou and Pukou districts of Nanjing city.For each of the above 3 types of places, 2-3 smoking and non-smoking (smoking ban) locations were investigated, totally 51 locations, 9-10 samples were collected each location, totally 477 samples. The surface wipe sampling method in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to quantify the levels of nicotine that served as the tracer of THS pollution.One-way ANOVA and t-tests were employed to compare the levels of nicotine collected at different places and locations.方法：从2014年3月到5月，选取南京市建邺区、雨花区、江宁区、玄武区、鼓楼区和浦口区内，与居民生活密切相关的三种场所（住宅，公共场所和交通工具），每种场所选择2—3个采样点，分别为可吸烟和无烟（禁烟）环境，总共51个采样点。在每个采样点收集9-10个样本，一共477个样本。采用表面擦拭取样法和液相色谱质谱联用法，对采样点的三手烟标志物——尼古丁进行定量分析，采用单因素方差分析和，对三类不同场所的不同吸烟环境下的尼古丁浓度进行比较。 RESULTS:Totally 477 samples were collected in this study, of which 27.0% was from residencies (129/477), 61.0% (291/477) from public places and 11.9% (57/477) from transportations. The levels of indoor surface nicotine in smoking residences, public places and transportations were (214 ± 55),(1 408 ± 177) and (1 511 ± 785) µg/m(2), respectively, which were all higher than those in the corresponding non-smoking places ((23 ± 9),(62 ± 11), and (46 ± 15) µg/m(2); t values were 13.79, 13.15, 3.45, respectively. P values were <0.001, <0.001 and 0.006, respectively).In the smoking places, the levels of surface nicotine on walls, desks, sofas, cabinets, door backsides and air conditioning openings were (171 ± 62),(232 ± 38),(373 ± 151),(903 ± 239), (978 ± 212), (1 721 ± 517) µg/m(2) (F = 7.06, P = 0.009).In the smoking condition, the levels of surface nicotine collected from public places were higher (F = 9.25, P = 0.024), while under non-smoking (smoking ban) conditions, the levels of surface nicotine collected from residences were lower (F = 7.88, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:THS pollution was widespread in public places, residences and transportations in Nanjing city, which was more serious in the smoking environments than non-smoking (smoking ban) environments; the contamination was less serious in non-smoking (smoking ban) private residences; in the smoking condition, the levels of surface nicotine were relatively high at locations close to air conditioning openings, door backsides and cabinets.结论：南京市的公共场所、居民区和交通工具内普遍存在三手烟污染，吸烟环境内的三手烟污染比无烟（禁烟）环境内的三手烟污染更加严重；在无烟（禁烟）环境下，私人住宅内尼古丁浓度较低；在吸烟环境下，场所内靠近空调通风口、门背面及柜子的地方，表面尼古丁浓度较高。 |
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| 20. | Secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese never smokers in Hong Kong. |
| Chen J, Wang MP, Wang X, Viswanath K, Lam TH, Chan SS. | |
BMJ Open 2015;5:e007694 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007694
AbstractObjective The evidence on the effect of secondhand smoke (SHS) on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is limited. We examined the relation between SHS and HRQoL among Chinese in Hong Kong.Methods Adult never smokers from a probability sample of three cross-sectional waves (2010, 2012, 2013) of The Hong Kong Family and Health Information Trends Survey who completed the Cantonese-version of Short-Form 12 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF12v2) were included in the data analysis conducted in 2014. Models were used to examine associations of SHS with SF12 domains and summary scores of Physical (PCS12) and Mental Component (MCS12) with subgroups analysis by SHS locations. Results After adjustments, SHS was associated with lower scores on all SF12 domains except physical functioning. PCS12 (regress coefficient=−0.76, 95% CI −1.34 to −0.17) and MCS12 (regress coefficient=−1.35, 95% CI −2.06 to −0.64) were lower in those with SHS exposure than those non-exposed. Those exposed to SHS in outdoor public places had lower scores on most SF12 domains and PSC12 and MCS12. SHS exposure in one's home and workplace was associated with lower scores on role physical, body pain and role emotional while SHS exposure in friends’ homes was additionally associated with lower social functioning and mental health scores. Lower MCS12 was associated with SHS exposure at all locations except one's home. Conclusions Our study showed that SHS exposure, particularly in outdoor public places, was associated with decreased HRQoL. It can provide new evidence for stronger smoke-free policies on public places and promoting smoke-free homes. |
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| 21. | Effects of normative antismoking messages in China—a brief report. |
| Bresnahan MJ, Zhuang J. | |
Health Communication. 2015 Sept;30(12). doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.952804
AbstractThe negative health effects of smoking are especially problematic in China, where 30% of the world’s smokers reside and where male smoking continues to be the accepted norm. Smoking resistance is an important issue for both smokers and nonsmokers in China, where there is widespread acceptance of smoking. While smoking norms have been studied extensively in China, the effects of smoking prevention messages based on descriptive and injunctive norms have not yet been tested with Chinese respondents. Based on a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design, data were obtained from 143 working adults in China. The message describing high prevalence and disapproval of smoking resulted in stronger smoking resistance. Smoking status, group identity, and outcome expectancy influenced the impact of normative messages on smoking resistance. The results suggest the usefulness of adopting normative messages in smoking prevention and cessation campaigns. |
| 22. | Environmental tobacco smoke exposure, urine CC-16 levels, and asthma outcomes among Chinese children. | |||
| Ma YN, Qian Z, Wang J, Rodemich E, Lee YL, Lv XF, Liu YQ, Zhao Y, Huang MM, Liu Y, Sun J, He QC, Dong GH. | ||||
| Allergy. 2015 Mar;70(3):295-301. doi: 10.1111/all.12559. Epub 2014 Dec 31. | ||||
| PMID: 25495571 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | ||||
AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown the relationship between club cell secretory protein (Clara) (CC-16) and respiratory diseases. However, few studies have explored the associations between urine CC-16 levels and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether ETS exposure is associated with CC-16 when stratified by asthma status.METHODS:In our study, CC-16 was measured on 537 children aged 9-15 from northeast China in 2011-2012 using the Human Clara Cell Protein ELISA kits. Doctor-diagnosed asthma was defined as having ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. The relationship between ETS exposure and urine CC-16 level was assessed using linear regression.RESULTS:When stratified by asthma status, a negative association between ETS exposure and urine CC-16 was observed after adjusting for the effects of the related covariates, with an adjusted β coefficient [P value] = -0.31 [0.006] in the first 2 years of life and with an adjusted β coefficient [P value] = -0.68 [0.004] in the first 2 years of life and current.CONCLUSIONS:Our study shows long-term exposure to ETS was associated with urinary CC-16 among children without asthma.© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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